Donor insemination (DI) uses sperm from a donor to help the woman become pregnant. Sperm donors are screened for sexually transmitted diseases and some genetic disorders. In DI, sperm from the donor is placed into the neck of the womb (cervix) at the time when the woman ovulates. DI – IUI uses intrauterine insemination with donor sperm. Donor sperm can also be used for in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

How does DI work?

Using donated eggs

Donated eggs can be used in either in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Before treatment takes place, you will need to complete various consent forms. The procedure for using donated eggs varies depending on your clinic and the fertility treatment you are undergoing.

A typical procedure may involve the following steps:

For women:

You and your donor will be given medication to synchronise your menstrual cycles. You will also be given medication to prepare the endometrium lining of your womb for embryo transfer.
The donated eggs will be fertilised using IVF or ICSI.
When the embryos begin to develop, they will be transferred to your womb as in conventional IVF. As the eggs will be from donors aged 35 or younger, no more than two embryos will be transferred.
Alternatively, the embryos may be frozen after they have been fertilised. This avoids the need to synchronise your menstrual cycle with that of the donor and may reduce the stress of the treatment.

For men:

Unless you are using donor sperm, before treatment takes place you will give a sperm sample to check that your sperm are healthy and active.
On the day that the eggs are collected, you will give another sperm sample.
The sperm sample is mixed with the eggs in vitro to fertilise them, or fertilised by ICSI and then transferred to the womb.

Using donated sperm

Donated sperm can be used in intrauterine insemination (IUI) (known as donor insemination) or IVF. The treatment you have will depend on your individual circumstances.

source: https://www.icmr.gov.in